History & References

Detail from Parable of the Rich man and Poor Lazarus tapestry, circa 1490, (notice the green lenses), Historisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland
Detail from Parable of the Rich man and Poor Lazarus tapestry, circa 1490, (notice the green lenses), Historisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland
Old Man Writing by Candlelight, c. 1627, Hendrick Terbrugghen, Dutch, Gift of Adeline Flint Wing and Caroline Roberta Wing, SC 1957:10, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA
Old Man Writing by Candlelight, c. 1627, Hendrick Terbrugghen, Dutch, Gift of Adeline Flint Wing and Caroline Roberta Wing, SC 1957:10, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA
Moses wearing Spectacles, from the Deutsche Bible (Cod. Pal.Germ.19) fol. 141 v, Universitatsbibliothek, Heidelberg, Germany
Moses wearing Spectacles, from the Deutsche Bible (Cod. Pal.Germ.19) fol. 141 v, Universitatsbibliothek, Heidelberg, Germany
Portable Alterpiece, lower center panel:St. Jerome, Circle of Bartolome Bermjo, Spanish, last quarter of the 15h century, North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, Purchased with funds from the State of North Carolina
Portable Alterpiece, lower center panel:St. Jerome, Circle of Bartolome Bermjo, Spanish, last quarter of the 15h century, North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, Purchased with funds from the State of North Carolina
Holy Augustinus of the Master of Mondsee, 1490-1500, OG 4963, Oesterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria
Holy Augustinus of the Master of Mondsee, 1490-1500, OG 4963, Oesterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna, Austria

Eyeglasses Through the Ages (Developmental History of Spectacles)

References and Recommendations for Further Study

Translations of Key Historical Documents

Honor Roll of Distinguished Persons

Timeline of Spectacle Development


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